Weak La Niña conditions continued in January, but a transition to ENSO-neutral in the near future is likely.

On January 16, 2025, NOAA Research released an Ocean Carbon Observing Science Plan. Ocean, coastal, and Great Lake carbon observations provide critical information for the development of future climate projections, adaptation and mitigation strategies.

NOAA is expanding ocean measurements of carbon dioxide to under-observed, climate-critical regions by installing a new generation of sensors on the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown and several other U.S. government and academic research vessels.

NOAA has entered into a two-year Cooperative Research And Development Agreement to optimize a vast NOAA-managed archive of observational weather data for training artificial intelligence-based weather forecasting applications.

Hurricanes often feature small-scale clouds characterized by finger-like appearances pointing toward the hurricane eye. New research offers clues about how they form.

Modeling volcanic eruptions based on actual sulfur dioxide emissions, rather than preset assumptions, better matches historical cooling patterns recorded in tree rings.

January 2025 was the coldest January since 1988 and sixth driest on record for the nation.

Released in 2023, the Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5) includes an Art × Climate gallery. This work by Linda Gass highlights the historical shoreline of San Francisco Bay.

La Niña's fingerprints are on the February climate outlook for the United States, but what other factors are at play?

Along the Mid-Atlantic Coast, sea level changes are growing more extreme. A new study finds these shifts are driven primarily by changing wind patterns.